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StringBuilder的实现与技巧

2014-09-16 Java 3855 ℃ 0 评论

在上一篇进一步了解String中, 发现了string的不便之处,而string的替代解决方案就是StringBuilder的使用..它的使用也很简单 System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();这样就初始化了一个StringBuilder ..之后我们可以通过Append()来追加字符串填充到sb中..在你初始化一个StringBuilder 之后,它会自动申请一个默认的StringBuilder 容量(默认值是16),这个容量是由Capacity来控制的.并且允许,我们根据需要来控制Capacity的大小,也可以通过Length来获取或设 置StringBuilder 的长度..
先来看Length的用法:

System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
sb.Append( "123456789" );//添加一个字符串
sb.Length = 3;//设置容量为3
Console.WriteLine( sb.ToString() );//这里输出:123

sb.Length = 30;//重新设置容量为30
Console.WriteLine( sb.ToString() + ",结尾");//这里在原来字符串后面补齐空格,至到Length的为30
Console.WriteLine( sb.Length );//这里输出的长度为30

通过上面的代码,我们可以看出如果 StringBuilder 中的字符长度小于Length的值,则StringBuilder 将会用空格硬填充StringBuilder ,以满足符合长度的设置..如果StringBuilder 中的字符长度大于Length的值,则StringBuilder 将会截取从第一位开始的Length个字符..而忽略超出的部分..

再来看看最重要的部分Carpacity的用法:

System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();//初始化一个StringBuilder          
Console.Write( "Capacity:" + sb.Capacity );//这里的Capacity会自动扩大                                
Console.WriteLine( "\t Length:" + sb.Length );                                               
                                                                                             
sb.Append( '1',17 );//添加一个字符串,这里故意添加17个字符,是为了看到Capacity是如何被扩充的                               
Console.Write( "Capacity:" + sb.Capacity );//这里的Capacity会自动扩大                                
Console.WriteLine( "\t Length:" + sb.Length );                                               
                                                                                             
sb.Append( '2',32 );//添加一个字符串                                                                
Console.Write( "Capacity:" + sb.Capacity );//这里的Capacity会自动扩大                                
Console.WriteLine( "\t Length:" + sb.Length );                                               
                                                                                             
sb.Append( '3',64 );//添加一个字符串                                                                
Console.Write( "Capacity:" + sb.Capacity );//这里的Capacity会自动扩大                                
Console.WriteLine( "\t Length:" + sb.Length );                                               
                                                                                             
//注意这里:如果你取消Remove这步操作,将会引发ArgumentOutOfRangeException异常,因为当前容量小于                            
                                                                                             
//Length,这在自己控制StringBuilder的时候务必要注意容量溢出的问题                                                  
                                                                                             
sb.Remove(0,sb.Length);//移出全部内容,再测试                                                          
sb.Capacity = 1;//重新定义了容量                                                                    
sb.Append( 'a',2 );                                                                          
Console.Write( "Capacity:" + sb.Capacity );//这里的Capacity会自动扩大                                
Console.WriteLine( "\t Length:" + sb.Length );                                               
                                                                                             
sb.Append( 'b',4 );                                                                          
Console.Write( "Capacity:" + sb.Capacity );//这里的Capacity会自动扩大                                
Console.WriteLine( "\t Length:" + sb.Length );                                               
                                                                                             
sb.Append( 'c',6 );                                                                          
Console.Write( "Capacity:" + sb.Capacity );//这里的Capacity会自动扩大                                
Console.WriteLine( "\t Length:" + sb.Length

上面的代码输出的结果:

Capacity:16     Length:0    //输出第一次,默认的Capacity是16                                    
Capacity:32     Length:17    //第二次,我们故意添加了17个字符,于是Capacity=Capacity*2                 
Capacity:64     Length:49    //继续超出,则Capacity=Capacity*2                              
Capacity:128     Length:113                                                           
Capacity:3     Length:2    //清空内容后,设置Capacity=1,重新添加了字符                               
Capacity:7      Length:6    //后面的结果都类似                                                
Capacity:14     Length:12

        从上面的代码和结果可以说明StringBuilder中容量Capacity是如何增加的:创建一个 StringBuilder之后,默认的Capacity初始化为16,接着我们添加17个字符,以方便看到Capacity的扩充后的值..大家在修改 Capacity的时候,一定要注意21行的注释,一定要确保Capacity >= Length,否则会引发ArgumentOutOfRangeException异常...看完结果,就可以推断出Capacity的公式:
if ( Capacity < Length && Capacity > 0 ){
      Capacity *= 2;
}
        OK.. 看到公式就明白了..StringBuilder是以当前的Capacity*2来扩充的..所以,在使用StringBuilder需要特别注意,尤其 是要拼接或追加N多字符的时候,要注意技巧的使用,可以适当的,有预见性的设置Capacity的值,避免造成过大内存的浪费,节约无谓的内存空间..例 如,下列代码就可以根据情况自动的扩展,而避免了较大的内存浪费.

System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();                                    
int i = 0;                                                                                         
long StartTime  = DateTime.Now.Ticks;                                                              
while ( i < 100000 ) {                                                                             
sb.Append( i.ToString() );                                                                         
i++;                                                                                               
}                                                                                                  
long EndTime  = DateTime.Now.Ticks;                                                                
                                                                                                   
Console.WriteLine( "时间:" + ( EndTime-StartTime ) + "\t Capacity:"+ sb.Capacity + "\t Length:"      
                                                                                                   
+ sb.Length);                                                                                      
                                                                                                   
System.Text.StringBuilder sb1 = new System.Text.StringBuilder();                                   
i = 0;                                                                                             
StartTime  = DateTime.Now.Ticks;                                                                   
while ( i < 100000 )                                                                               
{                                                                                                  
if ( sb1.Capacity <= sb1.Length )//先判断是否>Length                                                    
sb1.Capacity += 7;//这里一定要根据情况的增加容量,否则会有性能上的消耗                                                      
sb1.Append( i.ToString() );                                                                        
i++;                                                                                               
}                                                                                                  
EndTime  = DateTime.Now.Ticks;                                                                     
                                                                                                   
Console.WriteLine( "时间:" + ( EndTime-StartTime ) + "\t Capacity:"+ sb1.Capacity + "\t              
                                                                                                   
Length:" + sb1.Length);

需要特别说明的一点是,自动增加的容量,一定要根据实际预见的情况而改变,否则不但起不到优化的作用,反而会影响到程序的性能..

另外,如果有时间的话,可以测试一下下面的代码,用string和StringBuilder拼接字符串的区别..你会吓到的!!

System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();    
int i = 0;                                                         
long StartTime  = DateTime.Now.Ticks;                              
while ( i < 100000 ) {                                             
sb.Append( i.ToString() );                                         
i++;                                                               
}                                                                  
long EndTime  = DateTime.Now.Ticks;                                
                                                                   
Console.WriteLine( "时间:" + ( EndTime-StartTime ) );                
                                                                   
string sb1 = null;                                                 
i = 0;                                                             
StartTime  = DateTime.Now.Ticks;                                   
while ( i < 100000 )                                               
{                                                                  
sb1 += i;                                                          
i++;                                                               
}                                                                  
EndTime  = DateTime.Now.Ticks;                                     
Console.WriteLine( "时间:" + ( EndTime-StartTime ));


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